Enhancing Organic Phosphate Hydrolase Enzyme Activity: A Novel Nanoparticle Approach

Objective: To develop paraoxonase1 (PON1) nanoparticles (NPs) and evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the hepatotoxicity caused by chlorpyrifos (CPF). Methods: The method of solvent evaporation is utilised in the processes of preparing PON1 nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiency (EE), drug content, and drug release of the produced nanoparticles were all characteristics that were analysed. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was utilised in order to determine the surface morphology. As part of the CPF induced hepatotoxicity method, in vivo studies were conducted on biochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). These markers were tested on an animal model. Results: The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provide evidence that the particles display a smooth texture and a spherical configuration. The values for the zeta potential (mV), mean particle size (nm), PDI, entrapment efficiency (%), and drug content (%) were determined to be -22.86mV, 242.37 ± 37.26 nm, 0.094, 81.13%, and 95.08% correspondingly. Within a period of thirty days, the maximum percentage (i.e.,) of the drug was released. In addition to alleviating hepatic toxicity with enhanced anti-oxidant levels, supplementation with PON1-NPs results in a considerable reduction in liver weight, liver index, and levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine transaminase (ALP). Conclusion: The principal reduction in AchE, inflammatory mediators and elevated levels of anti-oxidant enzymes in hepatic tissue by the PON1 and improved efficacy by PON1 NPs contributed hepatoprotection against CPF induced hepatotoxicity