Investigating Effects of Drivers' Self-Confidence and Confidence in Automated Vehicles on Trust and Takeover Intention

To maximize the benefits of driving automated vehicles (AVs), humans can allow the more capable party to drive in certain scenarios, which requires proper trust and takeover intention from humans. We conducted an online survey study with 136 participants to examine how drivers’ self-confidence and confidence in AV, as indicators of perceived driving capability, influence their trust and takeover intention in AVs. Results suggested that confidence in AV had a larger effect than self-confidence. Generally, low confidence in AV predicted lower trust and higher takeover intention, while low self-confidence predicted lower takeover intention. Specifically, low self-confidence predicted higher trust only when confidence in AV was low. Furthermore, we observed similar levels of trust across different self-confidence levels when confidence in AV was high, suggesting a potential ceiling effect of trust on imperfect AVs. Our findings provide a better understanding of human-AV teaming patterns from the perspective of human factors.