Physiological Measurements in Automated Vehicle-Pedestrian Research: Review and Future Opportunities

Physiological measurements have been widely used to study interactions between automated vehicles (AVs) and drivers, yet they have received little attention in AV-pedestrian interaction research. This paper reviews nine articles from a systematic query, outlining the current state and proposing future opportunities for using physiological measurements in this area. Our findings reveal a targeted application of these measures, with gaze fixation predominantly used to assess visual attention and electroencephalogram employed to evaluate emotional valence and cognitive workload. The review highlights the motivation (e.g., supporting the comparison of multiple experimental conditions), implementation (e.g., equipment, physiological indicators, and their inferred states), and impact (e.g., facilitating exchanges with self-reported measures) of using these measurements. Moreover, we offer promising directions for future research, laying a foundation for further incorporating physiological measurements in AV-pedestrian studies and advancing objective and quantitative methods in this field.