Enhancement of Electron Transport Characteristics Using MXene-MnFeO₃ Nanocomposite Integration with Fullerene Derivatives for the Perovskite-Based Solar Cells and Detectors

In this study, we prepared a hybrid film incorporating the MnFeO₃-decorated conducting two-dimensional (2D) MXene sheet-suspended [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) electron transfer layer (ETL) for the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and detectors. The incorporation of MXene-MnFeO₃ with the PCBM ETL could drive exceptional conducting features for the PSCs. Moreover, the presence of MXene-MnFeO₃ facilitated superior charge transfer pathways, thereby enhancing the electron extraction and collection processes. This enhancement was directed to improve the electron mobility within the device, resulting in high photocurrents. The designed interface engineering with the MXene-MnFeO₃ nanocomposite-tuned PCBM ETL has produced a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 17.79% ± 0.27. Moreover, X-ray detectors employing PCBM modulated with the MXene-MnFeO₃ ETL achieved notable performance metrics including 18.47 μA/cm² CCD-DCD, 5.53 mA/Gy·cm² sensitivity, 7.64 × 10^-4 cm²/V·s electron mobility, and 1.51 × 10¹⁵ cm²/V·s trap density.