Architectural Exploration for Waferscale Switching System

With the end of Moore’s law and Dennard scaling, waferscale systems or processors that integrate multiple pre-tested known good dies (KGDs) on a waferscale-interposer are new approaches to further improve the chiplet-based system’s performance. This article explores the network on wafer (NoW) architecture of waferscale switching system under several physical constraints. A software-based approach is proposed to redefine the topological property. A five-level butterfly fat-tree (BFT)-like logical topology with 8.96-Tb/s (896 ports <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Gb/s/port) switching bandwidth is achieved based on 2-D-mesh-like physical topology. We show that the proposed BFT-like topology with breadth-first-search (BFS) based traffic balanced routing algorithm reduces 55.6% hops, 41.4% transmission delay, and improves 24.2% throughput compared to 2-D-mesh-like topology under different traffic distributions. This BFT-like waferscale switching system is suitable for high-performance computing and data centers. In addition, the numerical analysis shows that the waferscale package can provide significant power efficiency and latency advantages compared to the typical single-chip package, which mainly benefits from the short-reach IO requirements. Note that the proposed waferscale switching system is compatible with high-switch-capacity dies with advanced process technology, which can further improve system performance. Finally, we present the physical implementations for the waferscale system with heterogeneous dies.