Investigating the Association of Chinese EFL Students’ Growth Mindset, Grit, and Foreign Language Enjoyment: A Structural Equation Modelling Study

The importance of individual differences, personality traits, and psycho-affective factors in second language (L2) learning has been increasingly substantiated by recent research. However, the relationship between students' mindsets and positive emotions has received insufficient attention in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. To fill this research gap, we drew on "broaden-and-build" and "control value" (CVT) theories to examine associations among L2 students' growth mindset, grit, and foreign language enjoyment (FLE). A sample of 750 Chinese students completed three formerly validated scales on each of these constructs. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and correlation analysis illustrated significant, strong, positive correlations among English as a foreign language (EFL) students' growth mindset, L2 grit, and FLE. We found that 56% of changes in Chinese students' FLE could be predicted by changes in their growth mindset and grit. We discuss the obtained results, their implications, and future research directions to highlight the contagious nature of positive emotions in L2 education.