IMPACT OF BARIATRIC SURGERY ON OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES

Obesity is the most common preventable metabolic change in recent decades. The main cause of obesity is a long-term imbalance between energy consumption and expenditure. Obesity causes chronic, systemic inflammation, which may lead to increased insulin resistance (IR), β-cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). In high-risk patients with prediabetes and/or metabolic syndrome, weight loss effectively prevents progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric surgery is the most frequently used and effective intervention for the treatment of obesity, which is accompanied by improvement in metabolic and comorbidities. Multifaceted effects of bariatric surgery have been established, including effects on intestinal physiology, neuronal transmission, incretin secretion, bile acid metabolism, and changes in the microbiome. Bariatric surgery improves diabetes control through both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms