A national-scale high-resolution CCUS-shared pipeline layout for retrofitting multisectoral plants via onshore-offshore geological storage

Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) is an indispensable process to mitigate climate change. However, a precise and feasible CCUS layout with realistic geospatial connectivity is essential to support the prospective deployment of multisectoral plants on a national scale. This study proposed an onshore-offshore CCUS source-sink matching model, distinguished by CO₂ source-sink dataset enhancement, realistic pipeline network optimization, and onshore-offshore geospatial connectivity to accurately map China's high-resolution CCUS layout. The findings showed that China's multisectoral CCUS supply potential of coal-fired power, steel, cement, and coal chemicals was approximately 1.75, 0.77, 0.56, and 0.23 Gt/a CO₂, respectively. A complete geospatial connectivity pattern was established by connecting 1186 multisectoral CO₂ sources with 307 onshore and 22 offshore storage sites via the shared pipeline network of 80,700 km, involving plant-level cost heterogeneity, industry competition, and CCUS cluster identification. This model can be applied to other countries or globally to enhance CCUS layout strategies.