Dynamic Imaging of Electrochemically Induced Transformations in Layered Tin Chalcogenide Catalysts

Understanding the dynamic transformation processes of electrocatalysts during electrochemical reactions is crucial for the development of advanced materials for energy conversion and storage, yet it remains a challenge. Herein, we report the real-time monitoring of the dynamic transformation of a series of layered Sn chalcogenides during electrochemical reduction using a plasmonic imaging method. Taking SnSe₂ as an example, we observed a strong firework-like emission diffusing outward from SnSe₂ to the surrounding solution under a negative potential. The diffusion coefficient of the observed species is indicative of Sn nanoclusters rather than smaller ions. This study also extends to SnSe and SnS₂ nanosheets, demonstrating the general applicability of plasmonic imaging for probing the stability and transformation mechanism of heterogeneous catalysts in electrocatalytic reactions. These insights provide a foundational understanding for designing more stable and efficient electrocatalysts for industrial applications.