Exploration of Asbab wa Mahiyatul Marazi (Etiopathogenesis) of Iḥtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea) in comparison to modern medicine: A Literary Research

Background: Amenorrhea is defined as the cessation of menstruation; it is a significant clinical sign of reproductive dysfunction that affects 1.5-3% of women of childbearing age and is a leading cause of female infertility. The increasing incidence is attributed to better healthcare access and awareness. The Unani system of medicine offers a distinctive perspective on reproductive ailments, yet its terminology and concepts often diverge from modern medical understandings. Research Problem and Aim: This study aims to bridge the gap between classical Unani literature and contemporary medicine by exploring the etiopathogenesis (asbāb wa mahiyatul marazi) of Iḥtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea) and comparing it with conventional medical definition, types, causes and its pathogenesis, thereby enhancing understanding of it from both perspectives. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in 2023, that includes: The primary and main sources of collection of material were from classical published books, manuscripts and their translations. The second type of sources of collection of material were from different types of available published and unpublished literature related to study topic i.e. journals, proceedings, thesis, reports, souvenir, dissertations etc. The third type of sources were from authentic digital material i.e. trusted online websites i.e. PubMed, internet archive etc. Results/Findings: The research revealed a structured understanding of Iḥtibās al-Tamth in Unani literature, highlighting its nuanced classification and etiological factors in comparison to conventional medicine. The findings underscore the potential for integrating Unani insights into contemporary gynaecological practices. Implications: This exploration contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of Iḥtibās al-Tamth (amenorrhea), suggesting that Unani medicine's holistic approach may offer alternative treatment avenues that could mitigate the side effects associated with conventional hormonal therapies. Keywords: Amenorrhea, Iḥtibās al-Tamth, Unani medicine, Etiopathogenesis, Mahiyatul marazi