Модели миграционной политики современного государства

The choice of the model of migration policy of a modern state depends on various aspects, both in the economic, demographic and political planes. A rationally chosen model of migration policy allows you to ensure the effectiveness of managing migration flows and achieving optimal socio-economic development of the state, minimizing risks in the field of national security. The study examines various approaches to typologizing the models of migration policy of a modern state, and also provides an author's classification of migration policy models characteristic of states receiving migrants. Migration protectionism is cited as a key criterion for the author's typology of models, which, within the framework of the migration regime of a particular state, has a significant impact on the level of its migration attractiveness, based on the norms of acts of national migration legislation and ratified international agreements. Migration protectionism is considered as a result of the activities of the authorities of the receiving state of migrants, directly forming the migration regime. At the same time, the level of preferences in relation to various categories of migrants and types of migration acts as a mechanism for differentiating external migration according to various criteria, among which one can single out the purpose of entry, the state of origin, the level of qualifications of external migrants, knowledge of the language, which makes it possible to stimulate the demanded migration and limit unwanted. The study of migration protectionism as one of the instruments of the migration policy of the state makes it possible to identify the conceptual foundations of the formed migration regime, determine the types of foreign migration in demand and predict the trends in further political and legal regulation of state migration policy.