Look Beneath the Surface: The Role of Healthcare Providers in Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking

Human trafficking, encompassing both labor and sex trafficking, is a pervasive issue that affects people across all demographics globally, nationally, and locally. Family physicians, due to their long-term relationships with patients, are in a unique position to identify victims. Studies show that many trafficking victims access healthcare, particularly in primary care, during their trafficking experience. Recognizing the signs of human trafficking—such as inconsistencies in medical histories, controlling behaviors from companions, and multiple unconnected medical issues—is crucial for early identification. Family physicians can play a pivotal role in offering trauma-informed care and support, helping victims escape exploitation. This article discusses various indicators, including physical, mental, and social signs, and highlights how tools like the PEARR (Privacy, Educate, Ask, Respect, Respond) Tool can assist in victim care. By applying these methods, family physicians not only provide essential healthcare but can also contribute to breaking the cycle of trafficking.