Clinical Outcomes of Sickle Cell Disease Patients With Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Nationwide Analysis

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients are predisposed to various cardiovascular complications due to the nature and progression of the disease; the clinical outcomes of SCD patients experiencing myocardial infarction (MI) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well known. This study aims to explore a comprehensive nationwide analysis of the clinical outcomes in SCD patients who have suffered an MI and subsequently undergone PCI. It also identifies potential complications and compares their outcomes with non-SCD counterparts with the same interventions. We conducted a retrospective analysis of SCD patients who have suffered an MI and subsequently undergone PCI using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020. The primary outcome was mortality, while the secondary outcomes were the average length of stay, comorbid conditions, and cardiovascular outcomes. Logistic, linear, and Poisson regression model analysis applied for outcomes and adjusting co-founders. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. A total of 775 patients were analyzed for MI who had PCI with SCD, with a mean age of 58±1.06 years. SCD patients exhibited higher rates of comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus (45.81% vs. 37.84%), obesity (23.87% vs. 20.85%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (29.03% vs. 17.36%). Heart failure was more common among SCD patients with 34.19% vs. 26.02% in non-SCD patients (OR 1.5, CI 1.1-2.1, p-value=0.02). Other cardiovascular complications such as stroke, ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and mortality did not significantly differ between SCD and non-SCD (P-values >0.05). The study observed that SCD patients experienced a significantly higher incidence of heart failure than non-SCD patients. This implies that SCD patients undergoing PCI for MI exhibit distinct clinical outcomes compared to their non-SCD counterparts.