Incidence of Acute Mesenteric and Limb Ischemia in Post COVID19 Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Background: Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (AMI): Acute mesenteric ischemia is a sudden loss of blood flow to a portion of the small intestine, which can lead to tissue death if not treated promptly. It is often caused by an embolus, thrombosis, or non-occlusive ischemia, usually in the superior mesenteric artery. AMI presents with severe, diffuse abdominal pain that is disproportionate to physical findings, accompanied nausea, vomiting, and sometimes bloody diarrhea. It is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention, typically surgical or endovascular, to restore blood flow. Delay in treatment can lead to bowel necrosis, sepsis, and death if left untreated. Acute Limb Ischemia (ALI): Acute limb ischemia refers to a sudden decrease in limb perfusion that threatens the viability of the limb. It is commonly caused by embolism, thrombosis, or trauma. Symptoms include the "6 P's": pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and poikilothermic (coldness). The rapid progression of symptoms necessitates urgent intervention or delay in the treatment can lead to sepsis, gangrene and to death if left untreated. Objective: To assess the occurrence of vascular complications in POST COVID-19 patients and to study the relation of risk factor associated with the covid affected patient in ALI and AMI and the morbitity and mortality. Results: The study investigates the incidence of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia AMI and Acute Limb Ischemia ALI in postCOVID19 patients. Using a retrospective analysis of patients treated in a tertiary hospital, we evaluate the impact of COVID19 on the incidence of vascular complications. The results indicate a significant rise in both AMI and ALI, particularly among men with comorbid conditions such as smoking. The study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and the need for prophylactic measures to reduce morbidity and mortality.