Resilience components of the supply chain in the apparel sector of Pakistan throughout COVID-19

This study examines the significant impact of COVID-19 on Pakistan's apparel industry, which has faced severe challenges due to global supply chain disruptions and the cancellation of $2.1 billion in export orders by major international buyers. As a key contributor to Pakistan's economy and a major source of employment, especially for women, the apparel sector has been severely strained, with brands like H&M and Walmart reducing business. This has led to factory closures and widespread job losses. Using an explanatory research design and deductive approach, the study focuses on supply chain resilience in the garment sector during the pandemic. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire targeting HR and administrative personnel familiar with company policies and strategies. A sample of 150 respondents was surveyed to assess vulnerabilities, operational sustainability, capabilities, and supply chain resilience. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 26), supported by data from newspapers, online sources, and observations. A pilot study confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire. The study highlights the need for greater collaboration among governments, international buyers, and textile organizations to support the industry during crises. It also identifies the health risks faced by workers and emphasizes the importance of policy measures such as stronger labor protections and continued government support. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and industry leaders to enhance resilience and sustainability in the global garment industry.