Drug-induced Photosensitivity and Malignant Melanoma in Latino Populations: A Case-Control Study in the All of Us Research Program

Background: Widely prescribed medications, such as anti-inflammatory agents, diuretics, and oral hormonal contraceptives, exhibit photosensitizing properties, heightening susceptibility to ultraviolet light and potentially escalating the risk of skin cancer. This risk is particularly notable for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), a type of skin cancer on the rise among Hispanic/Latino individuals. Objective: This study examines associations between various pharmaceutical agents and the onset of malignant melanoma in self-identified Hispanic/Latino individuals. Methods: Through the All of Us health record database, 80 Hispanic/Latino individuals with diagnosed CMM were selected, forming the case cohort. Each case was age-, race-, and sex-matched to four Hispanic/Latino participants without CMM to compose the control cohort, and the use of numerous potential photosensitizing agents prior to the onset of CMM, if applicable, was documented. Results: Compared to controls, Hispanic/Latino participants with CMM exhibited significantly higher odds of prior use of various pharmacologic agents, including histamine H1-receptor blockers, methotrexate, monoclonal antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, tetracycline, and tricyclic antidepressants. Topical antifungals were also significantly associated with CMM onset, though the correlation with application sites remains unknown. Conclusion: This study underscores the associations of potential photosensitizing agents with the development of CMM among Hispanic/Latino individuals, a population historically underrepresented in research. Raising awareness is crucial for counseling during prescription to reduce skin cancer incidence. Limitations of this study include unknown agent use duration, time between use and cancer onset, and potential disease influences, necessitating further research to better understand the contribution of these agents to CMM development in Latino populations