Surgical Treatment Strategies for Cirrhosis and Its Complications

Cirrhosis is a complex chronic liver disease resulting in severe structural and functional damage to the liver, which is often accompanied by complications such as portal hypertension, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgical treatments play a key role in the treatment of these complications and include liver transplantation, splenectomy, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and ascites drainage. Each treatment has its own indications and risks, and an individualized plan needs to be developed based on the patient's overall status and specific condition. The challenges for surgical treatment include surgery-related complications, postoperative liver failure, and long-term complications. Treatment effect and patient survival can be effectively improved through accurate preoperative evaluation, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative management. In-depth study and optimization of surgical treatment strategies are essential to improve the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis.