Three archetypical governance pathways for transformative change toward sustainability

Choosing successful governance strategies for transformative change toward sustainability is critical. However, the multitude of approaches is overwhelming. This article identifies three underlying key dimensions of transformative change: in depth, system-wide, and quick. We content that these cannot be achieved simultaneously due to trade-offs. This provides the starting point for conceptualizing three more realistic archetypical governance pathways. They all start with strategies representing two of the three dimensions, while the third follows: (1) Big Plans start with deep and system-wide change (e.g. large-scale flood protection), (2) Small Wins with deep and quick change (e.g. community-based conservation), and (3) Rule Changes with system-wide and quick change (e.g. the EU Emissions Trading System). Choices depend on the societal context and governance capabilities. • Choosing governance strategies for successful and just transformative change is critical. • The key dimensions of transformative change are depth, scope, and pace. • Transformative change cannot be simultaneously in depth, system wide, and quick. • Three governance pathways are Big Plans, Small Wins, and Rule Changes.