Performance evaluation of a community-based water management organisation using integrated water quality monitoring

ABSTRACT Community-based water management organisations (CBWMOs) play an important role in providing water services worldwide. However, there is some debate as to their capacity to sustain a safe drinking water supply considering the current socioeconomic and climate scenarios. Here, we present an integrated water quality assessment of the supply system of a CBWMO in Concepción of San Ramon, Costa Rica. Major ions, trace metals, and coliforms were analysed in the households and water sources over a 1-year period. The spring risk assessments and the water quality of the main river in the catchment were also carried out. We found that although the supplied water meets adequate standards, spatial and temporal changes in the water quality of the sources exist. Springwater composition is mainly driven by rock–water interaction processes, but early signs of potential anthropogenic pollution were found. The springs showed concentrations of NO3- above natural levels and microbial contamination in 37 and 18% of the cases, respectively. River water quality showed a distinct composition, which is consistent with the anthropogenic pressures in the catchment. This study provides useful information on how water quality assessments can be used beyond regulatory processes to improve planning by CBWMOs to ensure water security.