Kinematic and aerodynamic analysis of a Microraptor-inspired foldable wing mechanism

Bio-inspired mechanisms have opened new avenues of research to understand the flying capabilities of birds. While extensive studies have explored the aerodynamics and kinematics of bird flapping motions, limited attention has been given to the folding motion. This paper introduces a foldable wing mechanism inspired by avian anatomy, specifically drawing inspiration from Microraptor aerodynamics. Employing the screw theory approach, we analyze the kinematics of the mechanism and conduct parametric calculations. By segmenting the mechanism and integrating the solutions, we develop an algorithm that demonstrates favorable power transmission, enabling the wing to remain extended with minimal actuation forces. We further employ position analysis to investigate the system’s functionality analytically. To optimize the mechanism, we utilize the gradient descent method. We validate the achieved momentum and velocities through an illustrative example by solving individual four-bar segments and transmitting the outputs to adjacent segments. The study utilizes detailed 3D modeling techniques employing SolidWorks software to accurately represent the wing designs. The results obtained provide valuable insights into the aerodynamic behavior of Microraptor, by comparing the coefficients of lift and drag in graphical form and contribute to the advancement of micro-aerial vehicle design.