A - 139 A Neuropsychological Case Study of an Individual Diagnosed with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Abstract Objective Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, idiopathic, cancer-like condition resulting from an overproduction of Langerhans cells. Disseminated LCH can spread across various anatomical systems, and prognosis is mainly dependent on organ involvement. Due to the rarity of this condition, potential neuropsychological effects are not fully understood. However, current research suggests that individuals with LCH are prone to develop various comorbid neuropsychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and impaired intellectual functioning. Method The current case is an 18-year-old, right-handed, Hispanic female who was diagnosed with LCH (brain and bone) in 2020. Cognitive symptoms began in 2016 at age 11. She was initially diagnosed with a low-grade glioma after a biopsy of a supracellular mass in 2017 but has developed various comorbid conditions since then. These include panhypopituitarism, NMDA encephalitis with behavioral disturbance, encephalomalacia, and epilepsy. She has undergone two 9-month rounds of chemotherapy and has been followed for neuroimaging with MRI and CT since 2017. Results Neuropsychological test findings from January 2024 indicated global deficits in intellectual functioning. Severe disruptions in sleep–wake cycle were also evident during testing. Although language abilities were relatively well preserved, abstract reasoning and executive functioning were greatly impaired. Psychological screeners also suggested anxiety and depression. Conclusions This case provides evidence of neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms that can occur as a result of LCH and frequent comorbid health conditions. Neuropsychological testing can help monitor these effects on individuals with LCH across the lifespan.