In-Vitro evaluation of antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in Mucuna pruriens seed extract

Abstract Background Mucuna pruriens var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) belonging to the family Fabaceae. Renowned for its diverse array of phytochemicals, this plant has been historically employed in the treatment of various ailments. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the optimized M. pruriens var. utilis seed extract. Methods The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of M. pruriens var. utilis ethanolic extracts was scrutinized using the Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) method. To evaluate antioxidant activity, ABTS and DPPH assays were employed. Furthermore, the antidiabetic activity was assessed through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Results In the ethanolic extract of M. pruriens var. utilis numerous phytoconstituents were found by doing a phytochemical analysis (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, glycosides, tannins). The total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined to be 112.07 ± 1.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents GAE/g and 101.41 ± 1.08 mg of quercetin equivalents QE/g respectively. In this investigation ethanolic extract of M. pruriens var. utilis exhibited a high anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in a dose-dependent manner. The M. pruriens var. utilis extract shows that anti-inflammatory activity 32.26 ± 3.23%, potent antioxidant effect by ABTS radical scavenging assay IC 50 67.46 ± 1.45 µg/mL and DPPH radical scavenging assay IC 50 63.34 ± 2.27 µg/mL and in addition, showed promising antidiabetic potential by inhibiting α-amylase IC 50 33.42 ± 1.35 µg/mL and α-glucosidase IC 50 28.34 ± 1.41 µg/mL. Conclusion These findings provide additional support for the traditional medicinal use of M. pruriens var. utilis in treating inflammation, oxidative stress, and diabetes mellitus.