Risk Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Combat Gunshot Injury

Clear period of higher risk of venous thromboembolic complications in wounded with combat gunshot injury and analysis of additional risk factors of deep vein thrombosis can influence prevention and effectiveness of medical care. Objective. To determine the optimal period for anticoagulant prophylaxis and additional risk factors of VTE; to assess the prognostic significance of the Caprini scale in these patients. Material and methods. A retrospective study included 120 case histories of wounded with combat gunshot injury between June 2022 and March 2023. Venous thromboembolic complications (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) developed in 60 patients. There were no in-hospital VTE in other 60 wounded patients. According to survey via mobile communication, these patients did not appeal for medical care due to thrombosis. The follow-up period was 180 days. All patients had high risk of VTE according to the Caprini scale (>5 points) and 3—4 risk factors of such complications. Results. Duration of anticoagulant prophylaxis in wounded should be at least 1.5 months after injury until restoration of normal or expected activity. In case of lower limb amputation, this period is at least 3 months. The Caprini scale demonstrated moderate quality of prediction in these patients. At the same time, the developed logistic regression model showed greater prognostic value compared to the Caprini scale. Conclusion. The optimal period of anticoagulant prophylaxis in the wounded is assumed. Analysis of additional risk factors improves prediction of VTE.