Ore Elements and Minerals in The Elements of Alaid Volcano (Kuril Island Arc)

Sublimates tested in 2013–2020 were studied. in the near-crater zone and on the slopes of the Alaid volcano, located in the Kuril Island arc. It has been established that in the near-crater zone there are native metals confined to zones of acid leaching, within which the original lavas and tuffs have been transformed into opal-like formations or rocks sharply enriched in ferric hydroxides. In these zones, the presence of native gold, palladium, silver, chromium, copper, zinc and alloys of gold and palladium, copper and zinc, copper and tungsten has been established. On the slopes of the Alaid volcano, the range of minerals in sublimates is wider, while the temperature of their formation is lower. Of the ore minerals, copper-containing ones predominate, and sublimates with vanadium-containing minerals belonging to hydrous oxides and vanadate-silicates are established. Two genetic types of slope sublimates have been identified: 1) minerals crystallizing from hydrothermal or steam-hydrothermal solutions near the outcrops of near-surface fumaroles and 2) copper and ferruginous colomorphic formations formed as a result of sedimentation from colloidal solutions in the shallow waters of drying up reservoirs, including small and large puddles.