Microclimate analysis of Ganga riverfront in Patna: spatial form perspective

The investigation in this research scrutinizes the influence of spatial form factors on thermal comfort along the Ganga riverfront trail during the spring season. Understanding how spatial form factors impact local climate parameters and PET values is crucial for optimizing thermal comfort in urban waterfronts. The research addresses the need to improve thermal comfort in rapidly urbanizing areas through strategic urban design. Data were collected from eight measurement points along the riverfront, analyzing Air Temperature (Ta), Relative Humidity (RH), Wind Velocity (v), Surface Temperature (Ts), Global Radiation (G) and Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt). The study employs a combination of field measurements and statistical analysis to assess the correlation between spatial form factors and thermal comfort indicators. Findings reveal that lower building height (Hb) values are associated with more favorable thermal comfort conditions, while higher Hb negatively impacts thermal comfort. The study also highlights that building spacing (ADb) influences thermal comfort, with findings contrasting those from composite climates, suggesting a need for context-specific design strategies. The research underscores the significant role of Ta and v in shaping Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), aligning with previous studies in diverse urban contexts. The results emphasize the critical impact of spatial form on microclimate and thermal comfort, informing urban design and planning to enhance livability along the Ganga riverfront. This study contributes to the field by providing empirical evidence and practical insights for developing thermally comfortable walking trails.