Long-term changes of agricultural land over the last century in Romania. The showcase of Romanian plain

The current paper is a space-time analysis of agricultural land transitions in the Romanian Plain, which has been significantly impacted during the past century by the fundamental structural and functional transformations. Five maps, derived from historical cartographic materials and the recent CORINE Land Cover databases, were spatially analysed using a transition matrix procedure. The aim was to identify and measure the magnitude of the main land use/cover change flows related to agricultural lands. Furthermore, several underlying factors of the spatial and functional transformations have been discussed so as to understand the evolution of the historical agricultural lands over time. The results show that the most significant changes occurred between 1912 and 1970, when 38 % of the Romanian Plain’s surface underwent transformations, with notable regional differences. The analysis of the change flows in relation to the underlying factors was instrumental in explaining the land processes, an approach that can be used to understand future landscape transformations. • Space-time analysis of agricultural land transition in the Romanian Plain. • Agricultural land transformations related to their drivers over the 1912–2018 period. • Seven land use/cover change flows related to agricultural land were analysed using spatial analysis. • Multi-temporal cartographic materials and CORINE Land Cover datasets were used. • Agriculturalization was the leading process, followed by internal agricultural lands transitions.