Magnitudes of seismic events induced by fluid injections in the Earth’s crust

Based on a generalization of empirical data and theoretical dependencies, equations linking the upper limit of maximum earthquake magnitude and the volume of fluid injection during water injection, supercritical CO2, and magmatic activity preceding volcanic eruptions were obtained. The equations can be used to predict trigger seismicity in shale gas and oil production, Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) creation for geothermal energy use, supercritical CO2 burial, and to estimate the volume of magma injections preceding volcanic eruptions.