Attitude, Knowledge, and Practices Regarding Prediabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study on Family Medicine Residents

Background Individuals with prediabetes are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases and mortality from any cause. The treatment and early detection of prediabetes and T2DM can aid in the prevention of future health complications. The aim of this research was to assess the attitude, knowledge, and practices of family medicine (FM) residents in Saudi Arabia regarding prediabetes. Methodology This is an online cross-sectional survey study that was conducted between March and May 2023. The study population consisted of family medicine residents who are currently practicing their profession in Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 101 family medicine residents participated in this study. The study participants showed a positive attitude toward prediabetes management with a mean score of 25.4 (standard deviation {SD}: 4.8) out of 30. The study participants showed a moderate level of knowledge regarding prediabetes management with a mean score of 7.0 (SD: 2.2) out of 12. The proportion of participants who were able to identify risk factors that might prompt them to screen for diabetes mellitus ranged from 47.5% (n = 48) to 96.0% (n = 97). The participants' agreement levels for questions that examined their attitude toward the importance of prediabetes screening ranged from 73.3% (n = 74) to 90.1% (n = 91). The most commonly agreed upon barrier was the patient's lack of motivation (n = 80, 79.2%). The most commonly agreed upon interventions that facilitate management and treatment improvements of prediabetes were more resources for patient education and increased access to the diabetes prevention program (DPP), an evidence-based lifestyle change program (n = 80, 79.2%). A body mass index (BMI) of ≥35 kg/m² was the most commonly reported factor that increases the likelihood of prescribing metformin for a patient with prediabetes. The most commonly agreed upon barrier to prescribing metformin for prediabetes patients was that patients do not like taking medications (n = 67, 66.3%). Conclusions The study participants demonstrated an average level of understanding and a positive attitude regarding the management of prediabetes. A significant percentage of the participants demonstrated comprehension of risk factors associated with diabetes, as well as appropriate screening methods, with fasting blood glucose tests being of particular interest. It is recommended to enhance prediabetes management through heightened awareness and education concerning screening methodologies and lifestyle modifications.