Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract from the mangrove species <i>Avicennia marina</i> plant species inhabited in coastal water

The mangrove, a vital ecosystem, faces significant threats from climate change, human actions, and pollution. This study aims to evaluate the presence and distribution of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in <i>Avicennia marina</i> leaves and sediments, shedding light on <i>A. marina's</i> antioxidant capabilities amidst metal pollution. Samples were gathered from Pichavaram coastal areas. Various pollution indices such as contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and bio concentration factor (BCF) were utilised to gauge pollution levels. Analysis <i>via</i> LC/MS,¹H & ¹³C-NMR, and GC/MS revealed 52 compounds in the methanolic extract of <i>A. marina</i> notably; the extract contains pentanoic acid, decanoic acid, diethyl hydroxylamine, pyrrolidine, 4-chlorophenyl, octadecylisocyanate, thiazolidinones, and arabinopyranoside. These compounds exhibit diverse biological properties, such as antioxidative, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antiaging, and antiartherosclerotic effects, making them promising herbal medicines with minimal adverse effects and maximum efficacy, thereby improving the quality of life during treatment.