Phytochemical analysis, identification of bioactive compounds using GC-MS, in vitro and in silico hypoglycemic potential, in vitro antioxidant potential, and in silico ADME analysis of Chlorophytum comosum root and leaf

<i>Chlorophytum comosum</i> is a plant with medicinal potential traditionally used to treat different diseases. The present study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds, hypoglycemic and antioxidant potential of <i>C. comosum</i> root and leaf. The ethyl acetate extracts of <i>C. comosum</i> root and leaf were analyzed by GC-MS to determine the bioactive compounds. The hypoglycemic potential of the extracts was evaluated by α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose diffusion inhibitory assays, and glucose adsorption assay. The ethyl acetate extract of <i>C. comosum</i> root inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and glucose diffusion in a concentration-dependent manner with IC₅₀ values of 205.39 ± 0.15, 179.34 ± 0.3 and 535.248 μg/mL, respectively, and the leaf extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes with IC₅₀ values of 547.99 ± 0.09, and 198.18 ± 0.25 μg/mL respectively. <i>C. comosum</i> root and leaf extracts also improved glucose adsorption. Heptadecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid were identified as potential compounds with hypoglycemic properties through molecular docking. The extracts were also assessed for their antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. <i>C. comosum</i> root and leaf extracts were also able to scavenge DPPH radicals with IC₅₀ values of 108.37 ± 0.06 and 181.79 ± 0.09 µM and ABTS radicals with IC₅₀ values of 126.24 ± 0.13 and 264.409 ± 0.08 µM, respectively. The root and leaf extracts also reduced the ferricyanide complex to ferrocyanide with higher reducing powers of 2.24 ± 0.02 and 1.65 ± 0.03, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of <i>C. comosum</i> root has significant antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential compared to the leaf extract. Thus, it can also be studied to isolate the potential compounds with antihyperglycemic activities.