Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Due to Vitamin D Toxicity

Although toxicity from excessive exogenous vitamin D supplementation is rare, a range of symptoms can occur, most of which result from hypercalcemia. We report a novel case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a young child who required intensive care after presenting with hypercalcemia, hypertensive emergency, acute kidney injury, and hypercarbic respiratory failure, which ultimately were attributed to vitamin D toxicity (VDT). We report a young child who developed PRES in association with VDT. Our report informs pediatric outpatient, hospitalist, and intensivist providers about rare but life-threatening complications from hypervitaminosis D, adds VDT to the differential diagnosis for children with similar presentations, and highlights the importance of vitamin supplementation safety guidance for families.