Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Pain Management in Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Primary dysmenorrhea is considered one of the main causes of pelvic pain during a woman's childbearing years, resulting in poor quality of life. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) in painful symptomatology improvement and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake reduction in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) compared with a control group in the short, medium, and long terms. A single-blind, controlled clinical trial was developed. Participants were randomized to the experimental (TTNS) and control group (sham TTNS). Both groups received 12-weekly 30-min sessions with a NeuroTrac^TM PelviTone electrostimulation device. The intensity and severity of pain and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intake were evaluated in the short-term (after treatment), medium-term (1-3 months), and long-term (6 months). A total of 61 participants were randomized, with a split of 31 (experimental group) and 30 (control group), but 55 participants completed the study and were analyzed. Statistically significant differences between both groups in the maximum pain intensity decrease (F = 4.88, <i>p</i> = 0.0043) measured with the visual analogue scale, as well as NSAID intake decrease (F = 4.68, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and days of their ingestion (F = 4.57, <i>p</i> = 0.012) occurred in the short term. Furthermore, significant decreases in the total number of NSAIDs ingested during the cycle (F = 3.82, <i>p</i> = 0.011) and the number of days on which patients ingested NSAIDs (F = 3.59, <i>p</i> = 0.015) in the medium-long term occurred. TTNS could be an effective and safe strategy to reduce pain caused by PD, which could reduce or complement the use of pharmacological techniques and other more invasive methods.