Construction of SVS: Scale of Virtual Twin's Similarity to Physical Counterpart in Simple Environments

Due to the lack of a universally accepted definition for the term “virtual twin”, there are varying degrees of similarity between physical prototypes and their virtual counterparts across different research papers. This variability complicates the comparison of results from these papers. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Scale of Virtual Twin’s Similarity (SVS), a questionnaire intended to quantify the similarity between a virtual twin and its physical counterpart in simple environments in terms of visual fidelity, physical fidelity, environmental fidelity, and functional fidelity. This paper describes the development process of the SVS questionnaire items and provides an initial evaluation through two between-subjects user studies to validate the items under the categories of visual and functional fidelity. Additionally, we discuss the way to apply it in research and development settings.