Floral biology, pollination and reproductive success of Campanula tomentosa Lam. in west Anatolia

Campanula tomentosa, an endemic species, has a limited distribution with a total of 5 populations only in the Western Anatolia Region of Turkey. Research on the reproduction and conservation biology (pollination biology and reproductive success) of the plant was carried out for the first time by us. Within this context, pollen and stigma viability (floral biology), pollination biology, flower visitation, pollinator identification and reproductive success were investigated. The results of the pollen viability test in which 1% TTC (1,2,3-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) was used indicated that 100% of the pollen grains were viable at the loading stage. In Peroxidase Test Papers and DAB stigma viability tests, the stigmas were completely curled and they were viable during the pollen presentation phase. The main pollination in the plant was realized by Xylocopa valga (Gerstacker, 1872) and Evylaeus setulellus (Strand, 1909). In C. tomentosa, fruit set and seed setting rates were 93.42% and 73.12%, respectively. On the other hand, it was revealed that the total area where it was distributed was 28.7 km2 and that it was classified as endangered.