Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs due to high blood glucose levels owing to insulin resistance or insufficiency. The uncontrolled glycemic levels could impact gastrointestinal inflammation indicating a potential link between T2DM and Helicobacter pylori infection. Objective: To study the risk factors and prevalence related to Helicobacter pylori in T2DM and non-diabetic mellitus patients in Hyderabad Pakistan. Methods: A case-control study with a cross-sectional design was done by including 146 participants from Hyderabad, divided into two groups, one with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the other healthy individuals. A 5 mL blood sample was taken to analyze HbA1C levels and Helicobacter pylori infection. A questionnaire was used to collect other demographic and clinical information. The significance of differences in the data were evaluated using t-test and chi-square. Results: Out of 146 participants, Helicobacter pylori was detected in 39.7% (29) of diabetic patients and 45.2% (33) of non-diabetic participants with no statistical significance (p-value > 0.05). Helicobacter pylori positive diabetic patients had higher BMI values and were found to be obese as compared to Non-DM Helicobacter pylori positive participants. In Helicobacter pylori positive non-diabetic patients, it was found statistically significant differences (p-value <0.05) among fast food consumption. Diabetic patients on prolonged use of medications were found to have significant incidence of Helicobacter pylori as compared to non-diabetics. Conclusion: This study revealed that Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly higher in non-diabetic control group than in diabetic patients.