LTP-MMF: Toward Long-Term Provider Max-Min Fairness under Recommendation Feedback Loops

Multi-stakeholder recommender systems involve various roles, such as users and providers. Previous work pointed out that max-min fairness (MMF) is a better metric to support weak providers. However, when considering MMF, the features or parameters of these roles vary over time, and how to ensure long-term provider MMF has become a significant challenge. We observed that recommendation feedback loops (RFL) will influence the provider MMF greatly in the long term. RFL means that recommender systems can only receive feedback on exposed items from users and update recommender models incrementally based on this feedback. When utilizing the feedback, the recommender model will regard the unexposed items as negative. In this way, the tail provider will not get the opportunity to be exposed, and its items will always be considered negative samples. Such phenomena will become more and more serious in RFL. To alleviate the problem, this article proposes an online ranking model named Long-Term Provider Max-min Fairness (LTP-MMF). Theoretical analysis shows that the long-term regret of LTP-MMF enjoys a sub-linear bound. Experimental results on three public recommendation benchmarks demonstrated that LTP-MMF can outperform the baselines in the long term.