Impact of Tofacitinib and Aspirin on Lipoprotein Levels in Type 2 diabetic Rats: Implications for Macrovascular Complications’ Risk Mitigation

Diabetes type 2 (T2D) related macrovascular complications are frequently linked to lipoprotein metabolism and the activation of inflammatory pathways. This study explores the impact of tofacitinib and aspirin on lipoprotein levels and inflammation in type 2 diabetic rats. Ten groups of eight rats each were treated with varying doses of tofacitinib and aspirin for nine weeks following induction of diabetes. Significant decreases in triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL (P<0.05) were observed, along with increases in HDL levels, particularly at higher doses of tofacitinib 20 mg/kg and aspirin 200 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic control group. Additionally, treatment with both drugs at different doses significantly (P<0.05) reduced the artherogenic indices (CRI-I, CRI-II, AIP, AC), suggesting a decreased future risk of cardiovascular disease. A significant reduction (P<0.05) in TNF-α and IL-6 levels in all diabetic groups treated with tofacitinib and aspirin compared to the diabetic control group was observed. However, no significant reduction was observed in the groups treated with 20 mg/kg BW of tofacitinib and 200 mg/kg BW of aspirin for both TNF-α and IL-6, as well as in the group treated with 200 mg/kg BW of aspirin for TNF-α only. These results highlight the possibility of addressing inflammation to reduce cardiovascular risk and dyslipidemia in rats with type 2 diabetes.