Geo-Additive Discrete-Time Survival Modelling of Geographical Variations in Infant and Child Mortality in Jigawa North East Region

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty This study investigates the regional disparities in infant and child mortality within Jigawa North East by employing geo-additive regression to show the spatial distribution and contributing risk factors. The research identifies specific geographical 'hotspots' and the underlying causes of under-five mortality, which offers crucial insights that can guide targeted policy interventions. The study's focus on a previously under-researched area enhances the understanding of localized health challenges, directly contributing to the attainment of SDG 3 targets in the region. Full Abstract This research examined the lingering regional variations in infant and child mortality in the Jigawa North East area. The study investigated how different categories of risk factors contributed to the spatial disparities observed in the area. A census on population and housing was carried out employing research assistants who collected information from one household to another across the entire region. Geo-additive regression was employed in this study to analyze the factors linked with infant and child mortality within the Jigawa North East region. The findings indicate that, in the Jigawa North East region, Birniwa and Kafin-Hausa have the highest rate of infant and under-five mortality. This can be ascribed to the widespread occurrence of childhood illnesses, overall healthcare practices, persistent poverty levels, and severe malnutrition stemming from food insecurity in areas. The current study has helped to identify geographical ‘hotspots’ as well as the key factors driving under-5 deaths in Jigawa North East Region. Therefore, policymakers need to pay attention to the findings from this study, as it can help in designing better strategies that will enable the attainment of the SDG 3 targets of reducing under-five mortality to at least 25 per 1000 live births.