Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Novel NLRP3 Inhibitor with IBD Immunotherapy from the Virtual Screen

NLRP3, a crucial member of the NLRP family, plays a pivotal role in immune regulation and inflammatory modulation. Here, we report a potent and specific NLRP3 inhibitor <b>Z48</b> obtained though docking-based virtual screening and structure-activity relationship studies with an IC₅₀ of 0.26 μM in THP-1 cells and 0.21 μM in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Mechanistic studies indicated that <b>Z48</b> could bind directly to the NLRP3 protein (<i>K</i>_D = 1.05 μM), effectively blocking the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, consequently manifesting anti-inflammatory properties. Crucially, with acceptable mouse pharmacokinetic profiles, <b>Z48</b> demonstrated notable therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, while displaying no significant therapeutic impact on <i>NLRP3</i>^<i>KO</i> mice. In conclusion, this study provided a promising NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with novel molecular scaffold, poised for further development as a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.