Introduction: The formalization of paid domestic work – Current trajectories and challenges ahead

Since the adoption of the ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189), formalization has become the focus of public policies. However, progress in formalizing domestic work remains slow. Even when legal coverage is increased under new labour and social security laws, enforcement is often inadequate, rendering the coverage ineffective. Our introduction to this Special Issue explores the dynamics and causal factors that shape effective formalization, as well as the intermediate arrangements that exist between informal and formal work, highlighting the agency of different actors (States, intermediaries, collective actors, employers and workers) at the macro, meso and micro levels.