The European Union toward a green economy: Current situation and perspective in the use of renewables for electricity generation

The European Union (EU) is making significant progress in its energy transition strategy, positioning itself as a global leader. The use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation is increasing yearly. In 2012, the share of renewable electricity in gross electricity consumption in the EU was 24.1%. This figure rose to 38% in 2020, overtaking fossil-fired generation for the first time, which fell to 37%. In 2021, the EU produced 4032.5 TWh using all energy sources. Renewable energies generated 1670.4 TWh or 41.4% of the total. Conventional and nuclear energy sources produced the remaining 58.6%. In the coming years, conventional energy sources are expected to generate less electricity than renewable and nuclear energy sources. In the coming years, solar and wind energy will remain the two main renewable energy sources for electricity generation in the EU. The EU’s energy transition is a concern and a key apprehension for the European Commission (EC), which strives to ensure sustainable, secure, and reasonable energy prices in the coming years. In February 2015, the EC set out its energy strategy, focusing on five key areas: Energy security, solidarity, and trust; a fully integrated European energy market; Energy efficiency contributing to moderation of demand; decarbonizing the economy; research, innovation, and competitiveness.