Primary extra – nodal DLBCL at rare sites: A case series

: Lymphomas can originate from either nodal or extra-nodal sites, with an increasing number of patients presenting with extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of primary extra-nodal NHL, constituting 71–81.3% of cases. DLBCL, a prevalent aggressive NHL, can manifest in various extranodal locations such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, testis, breast, and skin. It can also originate in lymph nodes before spreading to extranodal sites. The heterogeneity of extranodal DLBCL leads to varied clinical presentations and prognoses depending on the affected organs. : This case series examines instances of primary extra-nodal DLBCL occurring at rare sites. Through detailed clinical evaluations and pathological examinations, the series aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches for these uncommon presentations. In this case series we have described primary extra-nodal DLBCL in rare sites like thyroid, cervix, liver, breast and intraventricular region. Each case is meticulously documented, focusing on the patient's clinical history, the site of lymphoma involvement, diagnostic procedures, treatment modalities, and outcomes. : The discussion addresses the complexities of diagnosing primary extra-nodal DLBCL due to its rarity and diverse presentation. The series underscores the importance of thorough clinical and pathological assessments in identifying these cases. The heterogeneity in clinical outcomes emphasizes the need for tailored therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the series explores the immunohistochemical profiles and genetic markers that might aid in better understanding the disease's behavior and improving patient management. Primary extra-nodal DLBCL at rare sites presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case series contributes valuable insights into the clinical and pathological spectrum of the disease, advocating for personalized treatment approaches to enhance patient outcomes.