The Microbial Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Potential Anticancer Therapeutic Options

Chemotherapy and other traditional anticancer treatments are losing their efficacy in the battle against cancer. As a result, cancer treatment strategies must be continually adjusted to meet the rising demand for alternative medicines. Several viral and non-viral vectors have been used previously. However, it has been shown that microorganisms are a strong contender for successfully combating cancer. They are a remarkable source of toxins, polysaccharides, tumor-specific anticancer genes, nanodrugs and gene-delivery vectors. One of the emerging key players in cancer therapy is bacteria. It has been demonstrated that traditional methods of altering the microbiome, such as antibiotics, probiotics and microbiota transplants, can sometimes increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies. However, problems with these methods, such as consistency and collateral damage to the commensal microbiota, spur the development of new technologies specifically aimed at the microbiome-cancer interface. In light of nanotechnology’s success in transforming cancer diagnostics and treatment, nanotechnologies with the capacity to control interactions that occur across microscopic and molecular length scales in the microbiome and the tumor microenvironment have the potential to provide innovative methods for cancer treatment. The relationship between nanotechnology, the microbiome and cancer offers tremendous potential. This paper highlights the contributions of significant bacterial groups to several anticancer research fields.