Theory of Temperate Climate Diversity Across Africa: Economic and Social Possibilities

This Paper examines a theory of temperate climate diversity across Africa. The paper explains temperate climates in Africa from the following interrelated indicators or characteristics: latitude, altitude/elevation from sea level, rainfall and green vegetations, snowfall, oceans, rivers and lakes, and humidity. The paper finds that as one geographic entity, despite 44 (75.9%) of 58 countries and entities in Africa categorized as “Tropics” and the remaining 14 (24.1%) are categorized as “sub-tropics”, the continent has the characteristics of geographic regions with temperate climates. In Southern Africa, Lesotho and South Africa not only experience snow, “Afriski in Lesotho’s Maluti Mountains is Africa’s only operating ski resort south of the equator.” In Eastern Africa, the average annual minimum temperature at night in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia is 51.6 degrees. Data for the annual average humidity for capital cities/regions in Africa available for 32 of them show that 9 (28.1%) have figures ranging from 29% in Khartoum, Sudan, to 59% in Cairo, Egypt, both in Northern Africa. The annual average maximum temperature in Rabat, Morocco is 73.04 degrees. In Western Africa, in the capital city/region of Dakar, Senegal “…winters are long, comfortable, dry, windy, and partly cloudy”, and every day for the whole month of March 2024, the city’s daily temperature was in the 70s in the day (mostly from 70 degrees to 78 degrees, with the exception of 1:45pm, 2pm and 3pm on Tuesday, March 5, when it was at 80 degrees; and Sunday, March 17: 12pm at 81 degrees: 1pm at 82 degrees; 2pm at 85 degrees; 3pm at 85 degrees; 4pm at 82 degrees; and 5pm at 81 degrees); and nighttime temperature dropped to less than 70 degrees every night (from 69 degrees to 65 degrees). On the mainland of Africa, Conakry, Guinea has the highest number of rainy days, 162 days. Finally in Middle Africa, the capital city/region of Libreville, Gabon, has146 days of annual rainfall, second to Conakry on the mainland. Among capital cities/regions in Africa, Libreville, Gabon, has the highest number of annual precipitations, 2876.