Study of charmonium(-like) mesons under a diabatic approach*

Abstract In this work, we study the charmonium(-like) spectrum below 4.1 GeV using the diabatic approach, which offers a unified description of conventional and unconventional heavy meson states. Compared to previous studies, we consider a more realistic potential by including the spin-dependent interactions, which allows us to obtain more states and insights into the charmonium spectrum. Based on our calculation, we obtain the masses of the charmonium spectrum, which align well with experimental data. We also present the probabilities of finding various components, i.e ., or meson-meson pairs, in these states. Our results support the arguments that , , and have significant molecular components. In addition, our calculations show that and can be considered as candidates for the charmonium states and , respectively.