Human metapneumovirus (hMPV): an associated etiology of severe acute respiratory infection in children of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a serious public health concern across the world, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Every year, around 13 million children under the age of five die. Approximately 95% of them are from developing nations, and ARIs are responsible for one-third of all deaths. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the causative agents associated with respiratory tract infections. There is lack of information about hMPV from the eastern region of Uttar Pradesh. At Indian Council of Medical Research- Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur (ICMR-RMRC, Gorakhpur) in Uttar Pradesh, India; we tested respiratory pathogens in under-five patients presenting with ARI and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) through semi nested PCR. A total of 100 nasal and throat specimens were collected from the outdoor and indoor patient Departments (OPD) and (IPD) of Department of Paediatrics, BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur during February to April 2022. Out of 100 enrolled paediatric patients, 4(4%) were found to be hMPV positive. Among the patients who tested positive for hMPV, 25%(1/4) unfortunately died. The phylogenetic analysis of hMPV showed the close resemblance with the clade of Singapore and USA hMPV isolates. The study underlines the importance of hMPV as the cause of acute respiratory infections in children and the highlight the need for routine testing for this virus in laboratories. Further more comprehensive detailed study on various aspects of hMPV in this area is needed.