The Effects of Pelvic Compression on Lower Limb Muscle Activation: Implication in Sports

Various mobilization techniques have been shown to affect muscle activation in both healthy and injured individuals, particularly in the lower extremities. The mechanisms behind this effect seem to be related to the stimulation of sensory receptors around the joints, thereby influencing the central nervous system. Reviewing such techniques, like pelvic mobilization, is crucial for understanding their outcomes. This review assessed especially the impact of pelvic compression on extensor torque production and quadriceps activation. The review encompasses studies investigating pelvic compression and related techniques beyond compression for pelvic stability. Inclusion criteria comprised randomized and non-randomized trials published exclusively in English, without a minimum follow-up duration. Participants included healthy individuals and those with various pathologies, with interventions ranging from specialized belts to mobilization techniques. Outcome measurements focused on EMG of target muscle groups or torque through isokinetic dynamometry. A systematic electronic search strategy was employed, primarily utilizing Medline, CINAHL Plus, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies confirm that compression forces on the Sacroiliac joint can influence electromyographic (EMG) characteristics and improve stability and motor control. The findings suggest that pelvic compression belts can enhance neuromuscular performance, reduce pain, and increase functional outcomes such as walking speed and muscle strength in both clinical and athletic populations. However, the exact mechanism of operation remains unclear. Pelvic compression affects electromyographic characteristics and muscle strength, with effective use in cases of low back pain and sacroiliac dysfunction.