A Framework for Daylight Optimization Using Iris Mechanisms and Genetic Algorithms

This research aimed to optimize classroom daylighting in Surabaya, Indonesia, using a parametric design approach.This approach incorporated an "iris mechanism" and genetic algorithms to enhance natural lighting while mitigating solar radiation.The primary objective was to address glare, overheating, and thermal discomfort prevalent in tropical climates.We employed a quasi-experimental method, simulating actual classroom conditions with a focus on variables such as window openings (iris model), angles, daylight penetration, and solar intensity.Simulations were conducted in Rhinoceros 3D, enhanced by Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Galapagos plug-ins, to analyze daylighting performance over an academic year.A genetic algorithm iteratively adjusted the iris mechanism parameters, identifying optimal settings that balanced daylight distribution and interior thermal comfort without extensive manual modeling.This methodology resulted in substantial reductions in solar radiation, averaging 1,631 kWh monthly and totaling approximately 12,607 kWh annually.The iris mechanism also significantly improved light distribution, achieving a uniformity range of 90% to 100%, enhancing visual comfort and creating a superior learning environment.Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating parametric design with advanced optimization techniques for real-time adaptive control of natural light.This research contributes to sustainable architectural practices by showcasing significant energy savings and improved environmental performance in educational settings, mainly tropical climates.The innovative combination of iris mechanisms and genetic algorithms offers a robust framework for optimizing daylight in diverse climates, promoting energy efficiency, and enhancing the learning environment in educational facilities globally.While this study focused on classrooms in Surabaya, future research could extend the application of this integrated approach to other building types and climatic conditions to validate its versatility and effectiveness.Practical implications include the potential for significant energy cost savings and improved occupant comfort, which can be especially beneficial for educational institutions.Social implications underscore the importance of creating conducive learning environments that support student well-being and academic performance.The findings provide actionable insights for architects and building designers aiming to implement sustainable, energy-efficient solutions in educational facilities.