Integrated Battery Lifetime and Energy Efficiency Driving Strategy for Electric Vehicles in Urban Environments

Continuous traffic signal intersections in urban roads significantly increase vehicle energy consumption and the frequent acceleration and deceleration spur the degradation of electric vehicles (EVs) batteries. This paper proposes an integrated battery lifetime and energy efficiency driving strategy (IBE) based on a hierarchical framework for EVs in urban roads with multi-signalized intersections. In the upper layer, vehicles take into account global information from multiple traffic signals ahead in their travel direction to determine feasible phases time at each intersection. In the lower layer, a spatial-domain-based model predictive control (S-MPC) framework is introduced to achieve optimal control of the vehicle. Simulation results indicate that the proposed IBE strategy avoids stopping at red lights and, compared to two typical constant-speed strategies, can achieve a maximum improvement of 26.6% in battery lifetime and 10.5% in energy savings.