Sustainability and South Africa’s mature mines: The innovation imperative

Given the current reserves, numerous South African Witwatersrand gold and Bushveld platinum mines have a shorter remaining lifespan than the period they have been in full production. This situation presents a paradox: while mines aim for sustainable development, the inherently unsustainable nature of mining poses challenges. A fundamental question emerges: how can mines approaching the end of their economic lives enhance sustainability? One approach is to extend their production lifespan. This approach is especially important in the context of South Africa with its already unacceptably high unemployment rate. Mature mines in established mining jurisdictions face sustainability issues. Thus, this study argues that innovative skills development, research, and partnerships can help sustain mining operations, although commodity prices fluctuate and mines near the end of their economic viability. The study presents novel ideas to assist mature mines in extending their life and reducing the vulnerability of affected mine workers.